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  1. ; ; (, Language Development Research)
    Recent work suggests that though young children can comprehend metaphors based on shared percep-tual or functional features of objects, comprehending metaphors based on abstract relations across do-mains presents a greater challenge. We conducted two pre-registered studies (n = 272; mean age = 3.77 years; 143 female) to investigate children’s ability to understand metaphors based on object and abstract similarities. We also assessed how children’s language learning environments (monolingual or bilin-gual) relate to their metaphor comprehension. Children were successful in understanding both types of metaphors. In addition, monolingual and bilingual children were equally proficient in metaphor com-prehension. These findings highlight the sophisticated ways that preschool-aged children can use their rapidly developing lexicons. 
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    Free, publicly-accessible full text available January 1, 2026